I. India
A. India
1. British took over in 1857
2. Imposed principles of Nationalism
a. Agitating for independence
b. Muslims vs. Hindus
3. Two countries: India (Hindu)
Pakistan (East and
West) (Muslims)-1947 broke away
a. East Pakistan will become Bangladesh
B. Pakistan
1. Muslims left opposite countries to get to a safe place
2. Borders fortified
a. Fought over Kashmir
3. India vs. Pakistan still a hot spot
4. East Pakistan (Bangladesh) ruled well by British
a. Neglected by Pakistani government
b. People wanted independence
5. 1973: India wars with Pakistan
a. Bangladesh helped
II. Syria
A. Part of the Ottoman Empire
B. French take over under League of Nations mandate
1. Two countries created
a. Syria (Muslim)
b. Lebanon (Christian)
c. Both prosper
2. Muslims increase faster in Lebanon than Christians
3. Civil War-1962
a. Muslims in Lebanon allied with Syria
b. Christians in Lebanon allied with Israel
4. Syria and Israel see worst fighting
5. Economic depression
III. Palestine
A. Part of the Ottoman Empire
B. Britain in control
1. Britain should do something for Jewish populations
a. Zionism, desire of Jews for a homeland
2. Britain gave up and nations resulted:
a. Palestine (Muslim)
b. Israel (Jewish)
3. Israel created Palestine by force
a. Terrorist activities
b. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
4. Most of Palestine swallowed up by Jordan
5. Arabs (Muslims) try to force Jews out
a. Jews annexed part of Egypt, Jordan, Syria
i. Palestinians offered a place and set up gov’t
ii. Makes treaty with Arabs
6. Extremists do not want a solution; continue terror
IV. Algeria
A. French rule in early 19th century
B. Abundant wealth
1. Natural resources
2. Good farmland
3. Minerals
4. Economy pretty well off
C. Multi-cultural society
1. French and Arab cultures best
2. French run everything
D. Terrorist campaign to oust French government
1. Massacre (107 killed) and mutilation (1945)
2. French lash out against all Arabs
a. 40 Arab villages leveled
3. Possible settlement not wanted by extreme Arabs
a. Arabs target moderate Arabs
i. 20,000 murders in a few years
ii. Mutilation, let people live (warning to others)
b. Arabs target French Algerians who liked Arabs
i. More murders
4. Wedge between the two groups
E. Civil War (5 years)
1. End of 1956, Arabs…
a. Villages overtaken
b. Murders
c. Torture
2. French angry (lashed against all Arabs)
3. 1961, French quit supporting
4. French Algerians outnumbered
a. Evacuated
b. Everything destroyed
c. Arab moderates left behind
i. 50-100 thousand killed
F. Arab vs. Arab still today
V. Congo
A. Belgian controlled
B. No natural unity, many tribes
C. Unhappy people
1. Terrorism used to drive out Belgians
2. Belgians smarter than French, leave Congo in 1962
D. Civil War
1. Different groups fighting leads to one strong ruler
2. Leader that emerges-Joseph Mobutu
a. Good administrator
b. He gets rich, people get poor
c. Explains to people that Belgians caused problems
i. Paritally true
d. Gets rid of all traces of Belgian rule
i. Changes name to Zaire
ii. Dechristianization
e. Ruthless at times
3. Mobutu gone, no Zaire
4. Congo left to try to solve problems
VI. Uganda
A. British controlled until 1963
B. Civil War after they leave
1. Country divided by everything, including religion
2. After Civil War, one powerful ruler emerges
3. Idi Amin emerges in 1971
C. Amin
1. Needed to stay master of Uganda
2. Killed hundreds of thousands of Christians
3. Devilish family
a. Mother was a witch
b. He ate the heart of his own son
c. He served parts of his wife for dinner
------------Colonial Effect on Africa--------------
A. Europeans helped with medical care
1. Africans have problem with AIDS
a. Use virgin women to cure men of AIDS
b. All over Africa
B. Took place during Cold War
1. Russian vs. United States for control
2. One side wins, the other destabilizes what was set
up
C. Americans should have helped countries a lot more in clean-up
VII. French Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam)
A. Laos-Constitutional monarchy
B. Other Communist
C. Divided country
D. Nationalist movement
1. 1950-1954
a. 750,000 casualties
2. French defeated in Dien Bien Phu
a. Asked U.S. for help
b. Already supported the French
c. Split negotiated, North becomes Communist, South becomes
Democratic
3. Communists wanted to control South
a. Viet Cong develops
4. Americans tired of dying, turn to air assaults
a. Negotiations
i. If Communists invade South, U.S. supposed to
help
b. U.S. hands are tied by Congress
5. Cambodia
a. Bombings increase support to Khmer-Rouge
i. Prostitutes killed
ii. Beggars killed
iii. Businessmen killed
iv. Teachers killed
v. Total death=2 million
b. Ford asks Congress to do something, says no
c. Fault of the U.S.