Greece III

I) Athens
 A) on the surface Athens was not much different from other city / states
 B) Major trading city
   1) absorbed other cultural influences
 C) Development of Democracy
   1) Assembly was the final say on all matter
     i) allowed the people to debate issues, and introduce legislation
     ii) regardless of social rank, people could vote
   2) Created by Solon / Cleisthenes / Periches
     i) also created courts
      a) up to 600 jurists decided the outcome of a case
      b) not run by lawyers, a man had to defend or prosecute for himself
      c) all cases were no longer than from sun up to sun down
   3) all political offices were filled by lot
     i) opened the offices up for everyone
 D) Persian War
   1) Persians wanted to attack Greece
     i) they were the largest / wealthiest / most flexible nation or army in the world
   2) They expected to beat Greece easily
   3) Persian troops land at Marathon
     i) Athenians march to Marathon with many Hoplites ( heavy infantry soldiers)
*Persians had one of the best armies in the world (lead by Darius)
   4) Greek leader tells Athenians to run full speed towards the attacking Persians
     i) Athenians had great faith in their general
     ii) idea as to have Athenians attack quickly to miss arrows and stop the Persians before they had a chance to slowly advance
     iii) Allowed Athenians to even the battle
     iv) 192 Greeks die versus over 6000 Persians
   5) Turning point of World History
     i) this victory allowed the Greek culture to survive and do great things
   6) Persians get mad ( their leader was Xerxes)
     i) They plan a massive assault
     ii) Spartans decide to get involved and sent 300 men to the north front to stop Persians
      a) take the Northern Front to stop Persians
      b) killed many persians and slowed down the Persians so much that the rest of the Greeks had time to prepare (Spartans fought in the battle of Thermopolye)
     iii) Salamis
      a) Athenians are able to defeat the Persians in a great naval battle
     iv) 479 b.c. Spartans defeat the remaining Persian Land Army
   7) Persian War Results
     i) confidence because they beat the greatest army in the world
     ii) allowed great achievements
   8) Greeks knew the Persians were coming back for revenge
     i) They formed the Delian Leauge
      a) Purpose was to defend Greece from Persians
      b) Liberate the Ionian Greeks
      c) wanted reparations from the Persians
     ii) Athens became the leaders of the Leauge
      a) they told city / states that they could be apart of the leauge if they sent men or money
       1) most city / states gave money
       2) influx of money boosts Athens economy
         i) best artists, poets, writers come to Athens because that is where the money is
      b) Leauge worked - destroyed Persian military
       1) capture treasure, freed the Ioninians, and defeated the Persians
      c) After was the city / states stop funding of the leauge
       1) Athens says keep money coming because the Persians are still a threat
       2) All who didnt pay must face the military
         i) which will make the cities pay
   9) When Athens gets rich, other cities get jealous
     i) Greeks say Athens is getting too powerful
     ii) They go to Spartans to defeat the Athenians
      a) Spartans go to war with Athens
      b) called the Peloponnesian war
      c) Spartans win after a long war
      d) leads to lack of morals of Greeks
   10) Effects of Peloponnesian War
     i) Downfall of Greek morals
     ii) Athenians attack the Neutral Melos (City / state that didn't want to fight)
      a) Athens beats Melos and kill all the men and sell the women into slavery
      b) was an attempt to make an example out of those who didn't pay
     iii) achievments
      a) Many thinkers begin to question what is right and wrong "does might make right?"
      b) Socrates, Plato were influenced by the questioning of the war
     iv) Greeks keep fighting and become vunrable to outside invaders
   11) Philip of Macedon
     i) invaded Greece during their weak point, or civil war
     ii) Philip decides to unite Greeks against Persians
     iii) Alexander the Great takes over after Philips assassination
     iv) within 3 battles he destroys Persian Military
      a) Pushes all the way to India
     v) Alexander had a dream to unite his empire culturally and spread Greek culture
      a) started many cities which created an outlet for Greek culture
   12) Helenistic Age
     i) the spreading of Greek culture into other cultures