Medieval III
III) Ethical Guidance and Emotional Fulfillment
C) Intellectual Life
1) Theology
i) St. Anselm (1033-1109) of Beck
a) proved god existed -
ontological proof
1) logical nessecarly
for god to exist
2) God is greatest
being one can think of
i) a being that doesn't exist isn't very great
3) proved god
exists given his assumptions
i) assumes Plato's idea that idea's are the only real things
4) provided
a powerful reinforcement for people's beliefs
i) intellectuals believed it, so it was OK to believe in God
ii) Peter Abelard (Sic et Non - yes
or no)
a) Heloise - Peter was her
personal tutor
1) they fell
in love with each other
2) this would
deny Peter a rise through the church ranks
3) They decided
to have an affair
4) Heloise gets
pregnant - they hae a secret marriage
5) a band of
thugs go to beat up Peter and the castrate him
6) Heloise enters
a convent - Peter goes on to be a great theologian
b) Teaching methods
1) writes sic
et non
2) takes 156
church arguments and gathers all the evidence for and against each answer
and has his students debate the issue
3) Students
who looked at both sides come out with stronger beliefs
c) Peter Lombard (sentences)
1) show how
contradictions in the bible / church are not really contradictions
*Shows willingness of theologians to fix problems
d) St. Thomas Aquinas (Summa
Theologica, Summa Contra Gentile)
1) looks at
all religions and states why Christianity has the best chance at being
read
2) Tried to
make every line of Christian teaching all form together to create one coherent
message
3) Strengths
i) said there are certain standards that everyone must keep - murder is
bad - one can legislate this
4) said one
cant legislate against anger - unrealistic standard to live up to
5) ability to
use other ideas instead of saying he is too good to rely on others
i) Aristotle was a key source
ii) willing to use others ideas
6) Humility
i) intelligent people think they are great
ii) never showed off his intellect
iii) he was never impressed with himself
D) Spiritual Life
1) Benedictine orders
i) still around in high middle ages
ii) many people wanted to join the monasteries