Renaissance

I) Renaissance Achievements
  A) Art - visual
    1) Botticelli - "Venus"
      i) rediscovery of perspective (3-D forms)
      ii) subtle changes to woman's composition to create a harmonious painting
      iii) break away from medieval are with colors
      iv) Neo-Platonist
        a) learn to love beauty = love of God
    2) David by Donatello - Sculpture
      i) swaggering stance
      ii) free standing sculpture
      iii) nude figure
        a) break away from the medieval "nakedness" that was shameful
        b) has helmet, sword, boots, but he has no clothes... unknown why this is like that
    3) Raphael
      i) the Madonna was a common topic for him
      ii) unusually large mature baby Jesus
      iii) detail on wraps and folds of clothing
      iv) picture says rasing kids is important
*Combined present day people with biblical figures
 - brought the viewer into the painting
    - School of Athens
      - all great Greek philosophers mixed with regular people
      - School of Athens says the ideas of these men still live with us today
    4) Michelangelo
      i) excelled in architecture, sculpture, painting
        a) created domes
        b) created the famous David
          1) disproportionate hands to portray strength
          2) shows muscle tension
        c) Painting
          1) Sistine chapel
            i) flood gives feeling of panic of the people involved in the flood
  B) Spiritual Life
    1) Wyclif 1320-1384
      i) popular teacher
      ii) combated the idea that human reason was wrong
      iii) wrote the Summa
        a) one can use human reason to support faith
      iv) translate the bible from Latin to English
        a) made it available to a larger audience
      v) disliked the current church
        a) officials were wealthy and corrupt- they did not live godly lives
        b) denounced Papal supremacy - other bishops had equal or more power than the Pope
        c) questioned idea of communion being turned to real blood and real flesh
      vi) denounced powerful leaders
        a) these people charged Wyclif with heresy
    2) John Huss 1370- 1415
      i) professeur at University of Prague
        a) read Wyclif and based his teaching upon this
        b) questioned papal supremacy, corruption, and transfiguration
*was writing during the Papal Schism
        c) said more than one spiritual leader of the church
        d) council of Constance calls Huss to come to Constance
          1) They promise him they wont hurt him
          2) Huss goes - teaches - bishops call him a heretic
          3) Huss and teachings are heretical - they kill Huss, promised don't count for heretics
          4) They burned Huss, then they dug up Wyclif's bones and burned them
    3) Savonarola 1452-1498
      i) read St. Thomas Aquinas and he loved it
        a) Joins the Dominican friars
        b) mainly teaches around Florence
          1) fiery preacher
          2) Preaches Revelation and huge crowds begin to gather
          3) Was denouncing the sins of everyone including the rich people like Lorenzo the Magnificent who was a Medici
            i) denounced wealth people for exploiting others to get money
            ii) Lorenzo states to issue threats
            iii) Savonarola says God will strike him dead
            iv) Lorenzo gets sick and dies - calls Savonarola to give him his last rights
            v) People think that Savanarola is a great profit
          4) told king of England not to harm Florence
            i) People think of him as a savior of Florence
            ii) He tells people to get rid of evil things
            iii) gets rid of slavery and a bunch of bad things
          5) had predicted an 8 year preaching stint with a martyrs death for himself
            i) some guy bought his way into the Papacy
            ii) Told Savonarola to shut up his teachings against the rich
            iii) Got together with nobles and the kill Savanarola
*Papacy has started to become a source of corruption