Rome I
I) Intro to Rome
A) Monarchy
1) period ruled by kings (753-509 b.c.)
2) Romans were non-significant people
B) Republic (503-31.b.c.)
1) self governing
2) aquire control of the Mediterrainian Sea
C) Empire (31- 476 b.c.)
1) governed by one man
*many people debate on how long the Roman Empire lasted, 476a.d. is
the year when Rome changed into the Byzantine empire, 1253 a.d. was when
the Byzantine empire fell, and some people argue that the ghost of the
Roman empire still exists today
II) keys to early success : Virtus
A) Rome was at one time very small
1) was able to grow up and control all the area
around the Mediteranian Sea
B) Roman character
1) Virtus
i) excellence in every aspect of their
lives
*note; by attending class, Dr. Marmorstien is able to give a much better
explanation of the terms than I am able to write in my notes. If
you are having any problems understanding the terms either show up for
class or attend the study groups on Monday's and Wednesdays at 7 PM in
mj347. I will be able to give a better description of the term in
the study group than through the notes. - Ryan J. Weatherstone
2) Pietas
i) part of virtus
ii) paying homage to the gods, and other
gods
a) Romans would worship
the gods of the conquered people
b) pantheon was a worship
center for other gods
c) Rome had many ceremonies
for thier gods in all most every aspect of life
d) Romans believed that
the gods make the Romans great because to their faith
e) Roman faith in their
god lead to the winning spirit, they lost battles but never wars
f) Rome had masks of their
ancestors and wore them at special events
1) if you were
a great man, many people wanted to wear your mask
2) this reverence
in death led to Romans wanting to be great
3) Look at how
they were going to be remembered
3) Gravitus
i) take yourself and responsibilities
seriously
a) duty to family - no adultery
- very little divorce
b) responsibility to the
Roman govt.
1) Brutus has
to sentence his own sons, shows responsibility to Rome over the family
4) Respect for authority (Symbolized by the Fasces)
i) Rome elected its own leaders
a) once elected they fully
backed their leaders
ii) Fasces
a) bundle of sticks with
an axe in the middle
b) represented authority
5) Ability to solve problems peacefully
i) struggle of orders ( Partricans v.
Plebians)
a) division between Particians
(wealthy) and the Plebians (regular people)
1) only partricains
could be senators
2) used senate
power to become more weathy
3) plebians
use peaceful means to get some rights
i) used secesio - or strikes
4) tribunes
i) plebian elected men, cant be harmed by anyone
5) 12 tables
i) 1st written law
6) intermarriage
i) right to marry into patrician families
7) consulate
i) right to be elected consuls
8) Lex Hortensia
i) right to pass legislation without consent of the senate, the assembly
laws took precendce over any senate laws
*Violence never erupted during the struggle of orders, this was a peacfull
gaining of rights by the plebian
III) Roman expansion
A) Punic wars (Rome v. Carthage)
1) Carthage was largest and most successful Phencian
city
2) 1st war was over control of a military stretigic
point Sicily
i) Carthage had a strong navy v. Rome
had no navy but the best infantry
ii) Rome develops a Naval battle strategy
a) build a navy, put troops
on the ships, Rome would connect with the enemy ships and fight a land
battle on the ships
b) Rome had brought the
hand to hand battle to the sea
c) Shows Romans ability
to adapt, and determination to win
3) 2nd war was over Spain
i) Carthage has Hannibal for a general
a) takes his troops up to
the Northern part of Italy with elephants, this was a great feat
b) Carthage whoops up on
Rome due to their style of fighting
c) Rome adapts how to fight
elephants, charging elephant cant turn, so just move out of the way
4) 3rd war was to put Carthage away for good, and
Rome did