Rome II

IV) impact of constant warfare: Destruction of Plebian
  A) Partricans / Plebian
    1) became wealthier than ever (patricians)
    2) few plebian rose to partrican rank
  B) Equestrian class
    1) this class was above the plebian class and below the partricains
    2) consisted mainly of successful plebian
  C) Most Plebians
    1) during war, farmers come out of the field and go fight in the army
      i) distant wars mean they might leave for 5-10 years at a time
    2) farms would fall into disrepair
    3) warfare opened doors to cheap grain
      i) Rome must compete with cheap grain
      ii) ultimately farmers go broke - then they lose their land
      iii) senators buy the land - convert it into expense upstart crops like wine
      iv) Plebians move to city and become proletariat
  D) Proletariat
    1) former farmers find it hard to find jobs
    2) slaves did all the city work - proletariat are left with no jobs or money
  E) Roman Allies
    1) Get mad because they helped Rome in wars, but Rome will not give them voting rights
V) Roman Revolution
  A) Tiberius Gracchus
    1) Patrician
    2) served as a military officer in Spain
      i) found it was hard to recruit soldiers - many had become proletariat and were too poor
        a) all soldiers had to pay for their own military gear
      ii) wanted to fix the problems with the army
    3) 133 b.c. he runs for tribune (plebian leader)
      i) wanted to take conquered land and distribute it to the proletariat
      ii) Senate shoots down this idea
        a) the senators wanted the land for personal use
        b) they would use the land for personal gain, Tiberius offered compensation
      iii) he goes to the assembly with his idea
        a) they approve it
        b) the plan gets put into action
    4) 132 b.c. Tiberius runs for office again
      i) senate decides to kill Tiberius
        a) they also kill 300 of his followers
  B) Gaius Gracchus
    1) Tiberius's brother
    2) runs for tribune in 123 b.c.
    3) continues land reforms set by Tiberius
    4) Tries to help the allies of Rome
    5) 122 he decides to run for tribune again
      i) senate kills Gaius and 3000 supporters
*Note: the plebians never used violent tactics to get any of the reforms that they wanted, but the senate would resort to violence
  C) Senate is not without opposition
    1) They have a weak army
  D) African war; Rome gets beat battle after battle; Cimbri and the Teutones attack to the North
  E) Marius
    1) runs for consul - promises victory for the armies
    2) defeats the African army
    3) runs for reelection to defeat the Cimbri and the Teutones
    4) reelected six times
    5) reforms he made as consul
      i) paid soldiers - made it easier to recruit them
      ii) made alliances - helped equestrian class - helped the plebian class
    6) Senate is able to turn people against Marius
      i) Marius then retires
* Senate is back in charge - back to poor government
 - Roman allies start the Social War against Rome
 - Rome is in bad shape again
  F) Marius and Sulla
    1) Marius is called back to fix the problems
    2) put down the social war and made a truce with allies
    3) Mithridates of Pontus - how to deal with him?
      i) both Marius and Sulla's armies want to fight Mithridates
      ii) Sulla gets the call to fight
      iii) Marius goes to the assembly and they decide he gets to go
      iv) Sulla gets angry
        a) Marches army into Rome
        b) demands sulla gets to go to the war
      v) Marius Marches soldiers into Rome and decides to take revenge on the Senate
        a) Marius takes over and kills many senators
      vi) Marius tries to make changes to Rome
    5) Sulla comes back to Rome with his army
      i) sulla kills people all over Rome
      ii) starts using proscription - the taking of a mans land to pay for his army
      iii) Sulla takes over Rome
      iv) Gives power back to the senate
  G) Sulla and the failures of
    1) warfare during senate control starts to lead to Rome's major problems
    2) Rome starts to fail due to a few significant people with power intentions
      i) Catiline - very shady politician - criminal - very rich - very evil man
    3) Catiline vs. Cicero run for consul
      i) Catiline is evil - runs on the idea of a cancellation of debts
      ii) Cicero is the good guy - wins the election
    4) followers of catiline decide to plan an attack on Cicero
      i) Cicero finds out about the assassination attempt - kills the conspirators without a trial
    5) Rome begins to fall into the  hands of men looking only for prestige and power
      i) Crassus, Caesar, Pompey
  H) Gaius Julius Caesar
    1) was apart of the 2nd triumvirate
    2) made himself dictator for 10 years, then 10 more years, then it appeared that he wanted to be king
    3) Senate assassinates Caesar because Rome hated kings
      i) killed by Brutus - possibly an illigitamate son
    4) Assassination put Rome in 13 more years of Civil War
      i) Rome continues to grow though