I.) Sumer (3000- 2000 BC)
 A.) Physical Security
  1.) Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
   i.) rivers are less predictable than the Nile.
   ii.) these rivers can flood at any time
  2.) No natural barriers exist to prevent invaders
  3.) People must form City/States for protection
   i.) protects people from invasion
    a.) built walls around the city
   ii.) public works project built dams and canals
    a.) prevented flooding
    b.) redirected water to the crops
   iii.) Ensi
    a.) ruler of Sumer
    b.) chosen by the people as the best person to organize public      works programs and defense structures
  4.) Engineering and writing techniques
   i.) Needed mathematics system to build public works projects
    a.) created sexigesmal system ( base 60 system)
     1.) easily divisible by 1/2, 1/4, 1/3, 1/6 etc.
     2.) public works projects needed easy number system to       work with
   ii.) Writing system- Cuneiform
    a.) wedge shaped writing
    b.) allows Sumarians to record math problems and other records
     1.) public works and laws
     * Historians able to reconstruct daily life from cuneiform
     * able to survive due to the wax tablets they were written on
    c.) allowed Sumarians to record business records
     1.) promoted better trading practices
 B.) Ethical Guidance
  1.) Written law
   i.) laws written to guide in every aspect of life
    a.) see Syllabus Laws
   ii.) how the punished broken laws (syllabus law # 1)
    a.) heavy fine for violating property rights
    b.) if unable to pay fine, a man could be sold into slavery
     1.) greatly deterred theft due to punishment
   iii.) The importance of contracts (syllabus law # 2)
    a.) Damages must be paid for failed contracts
    b.) great respect for contracts
     1.) promotes business/trade relationships
   iv.) Slave Laws (syllabus #4)
    a.) person who harbors a runaway slave must pay the owner money
    b.) shows that Property rights are more important than Human      rights
   v.) Children Laws (syllabus law 5-6)
    a.) a man must take care of his first born children after remarriage
    b.) promotes responsibility among fathers
   vi.) Kids from prostitutes (syllabus 7-8)
    a.) man must support kids from a prostitute
     1.) promotes responsibility
    b.) males must support first wife after a divorce